Why Do We Get Goosebumps When We’re Cold Or Scared?

Why do we get goosebumps when we’re cold or scared?

Goosebumps, also known as horripilation, are a physiological response that causes our hair to stand on end. This can happen when we’re cold, scared, or experiencing other strong emotions. But what’s the science behind this phenomenon? And why do we have them in the first place?

The science of goosebumps

Tiny muscles at the base of our hair follicles contract, causing goosebumps. When these muscles contract, they pull the hair up, which causes it to stand on end. This also dimples the surrounding skin, creating the appearance of goosebumps.

The sympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for our fight-or-flight response, triggers the contraction of these muscles. When we’re cold or scared, our sympathetic nervous system releases hormones like adrenaline and cortisol. These hormones prepare our bodies to either fight or flee the danger we’re facing.

Why do we get goosebumps when we’re cold?

When we’re cold, our body tries to conserve heat by reducing blood flow to our skin. This causes our skin temperature to drop, which triggers the sympathetic nervous system to release adrenaline and cortisol. These hormones cause the contraction of the arrector pili muscles, which makes our hair stand on end.

A layer of trapped air around our hair follicles can provide some insulation, which can help us to stay warm. However, this effect is not very significant in humans because we don’t have a lot of body hair.

Scared…

When we’re scared, our sympathetic nervous system releases adrenaline and cortisol to prepare our bodies for fight or flight. These hormones also cause the contraction of the arrector pili muscles, which makes our hair stand on end.

Goosebumps and emotions

Other strong emotions, such as excitement, awe, and even music, can also cause goosebumps. This is because these emotions can trigger the release of adrenaline and cortisol.

This phenomenon is often caused by positive emotions, such as the feeling of being moved by a beautiful piece of music or the excitement of watching a thrilling movie. Negative emotions, such as fear and anxiety, can also cause this phenomenon.

Goosebumps are a fascinating reminder of the deep connection between our bodies and emotions. They bridge the gap between the physical and the psychological, offering a glimpse into the primal parts of ourselves. So next time you feel the telltale prickle on your skin, take a moment to appreciate the complex interplay at work. It might be a shiver of fear, a tingle of joy, or a surge of inspiration – all beautifully manifested in the unique language of goosebumps.

Conclusion

A variety of factors, including cold, fear, and other strong emotions, cause goosebumps. So, next time you’re having goosebumps, you’ll know why and the science behind it.